An optimal biorefinery development for pectin and biofuels production from orange wastes without enzyme consumption

Orange wastes, including peel and pulp, were used as a biorefinery feedstock to produce pectin, ethanol, biogas. The orange wastes subjected dilute acid treatment with sulfuric (1% w/v) at 94, 100, 140, 180 °C for 60, 30, 0 min. was performed pectin extraction, sugars hydrolysis, lignocellulose pretreatment. extracted from the hydrolysate, liquor pretreated solid anaerobically digested highest extraction yield 24.7 % (w/w) 23.7 which obtained supernatants of 94 60 Fourier transfer infrared spectrometer results confirmed similar characteristics commercial product. galacturonic content (an indicator purity) 70.2 pulp 69.9 %, optimum conditions. min had degree esterification higher than 69 whereas it less 45 that after 140 30 maximum ethanol yields 81.5 (from peel) 82.9 pulp) achieved hydrolysate methane 176.8 mL/g volatile solids untreated 191.8 pulp). Overall, total product value 2,472.9 USD/t At optimal conditions high production without any enzyme consumption, 244 kg 26.5 L 36 m3 produced 1 t wastes.